WHAT IS SSB (SINGLE SIDEBAND)

What Is SSB?

SSB (Single SideBand) is more properly called a mode (not a band or frequency)
It is a very efficient method to superimpose your voice on a radio wave 

What Is Modulation

The method by which audio (your voice) is impressed on a radio signal . 

Two types of modulation that most familiar:

AM (Amplitude Modulation)- when using toy walkie talkies.

FM (Frequency Modulation)-when using 2 meter ham band  

When you are using radio in the AM/FM mode 
-Your voice modulates  (superimposed) on a carrier wave at a certain frequency     in your transmitter and  is transmitted over the air waves.

-The carrier wave is used to "carry" this audio information to the AM/FM receiver. 

-AM/FM receiver detect the audio information and transform back to an audio  signal.
-This signal we can be hear at receiver representing the original voice

 Any audio that you hear on an AM/FM receiver is from the two sidebands:

 (USB and LSB)

How AM/FM signal modified to yield much better results!

These two modulating (audio) sidebands are - (USB)upper sideband

                                                                                 - (LSB)lower sideband. 

They contain the "information or audio" intended for the receive station

1)DSB(Double Sideband)

By using special circuits in the transmitter, the carrier wave was eliminated, leaving only two side bands.

2)SSB(Single Sideband) 

By using special circuits and filters in the transmitter, one of sideband was eliminated leaving behind either USB(Upper SideBand) or LSB(Lower SideBand).
Now it became SSB(Single SideBand).

3)What Happen When Enter the SSB receiver.

If you listen to an SSB signal on an AM/FM receiver, the voices are altered and sound very muffled, garbled and distorted. Some people even say it is like "Donald Duck" sounding when tuned improperly in the sideband mode. 

4)So We Need a special SSB receiver in order to hear the original voice
Since the receiver still needs the original carrier to “demodulate” or decode the signal, you must have a special SSB receiver to re-insert a very low level carrier wave back.The audio that was transmitted is restored in the receiver with almost identical reproduction of the original voice. Tuning the SSB receiver is very important to make the voices sound natural. 

MUST REMEMBER:

1) Your receiver MUST be in the same "mode" as the transmitted signal or the whole process does not work!

2) If the transmitter of the other station is in the USB mode, your receiver MUST be in the USB mode and vice versa.

TYPE OF CIRCUITS

1) SERIES CIRCUIT:    

2) PARALLEL SERIES

3) OSCILLATOR       CIRCUITS

Energy needs to move back and forth from one form to another for an capacitor and an inductor together. If you've read How Capacitors Work and How Inductors Work, you know that both capacitors and inductors store energy. A capacitor stores energy in the form of an electrostatic field, while an inductor uses a magnetic field.

oscillator to work. You can make a very simple oscillator by connecting a 

Imagine the following circuit:

If you charge up the capacitor with a battery and then insert the inductor into the circuit, here's what will happen:

• The capacitor will start to discharge through the inductor. As it does, the inductor will create a magnetic field.
• Once the capacitor discharges, the inductor will try to keep the current in the circuit moving, so it will charge up the other plate of the capacitor.
• Once the inductor's field collapses, the capacitor has been recharged (but with the opposite polarity), so it discharges again through the inductor.

This oscillation will continue until the circuit runs out of energy due to resistance in the wire. It will oscillate at a frequency that depends on the size of the inductor and the capacitor.

4) SMOOTHING CIRCUIT

The outlets in our homes provide alternating current (AC). 

60 times every second the electrons in the wire change direction. 

AC waveform

Direct Current (DC) flows in the same direction all the time 

through an electric circuit. Electrons flow continuously 

through the circuit from the negative terminal 

of the battery to the positive terminal. 

DC waveform before smoothing

WHEN USING SMOOTHING CIRCUIT

An electronic filtering circuit in a DC power supply that removes the ripples from AC power.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectifier

Rectifier devices[edit]

Before the development of silicon semiconductor rectifiers, vacuum tube thermionic diodes and copper oxide- or selenium-based metal rectifier stacks were used.^[1] With the introduction of semiconductor electronics, vacuum tube rectifiers became obsolete, except for some enthusiasts of vacuum tube audio equipment. For power rectification from very low to very high current, semiconductor diodes of various types (junction diodes, Schottky diodes, etc.) are widely used. Other devices which have control electrodes as well as acting as unidirectional current valves are used where more than simple rectification is required; e.g., where variable output voltage is needed. High-power rectifiers, such as those used in high-voltage direct current power transmission, employ silicon semiconductor devices of various types. These are thyristors or other controlled switching solid-state switches which effectively function as diodes to pass current in only one direction.

Rectifier circuits[edit]

Rectifier circuits may be single-phase or multi-phase (three being the most common number of phases). Most low power rectifiers for domestic equipment are single-phase, but three-phase rectification is very important for industrial applications and for the transmission of energy as DC (HVDC).

Single-phase rectifiers[edit]

Half-wave rectification[edit]

In half wave rectification of a single-phase supply, either the positive or negative half of the AC wave is passed, while the other half is blocked. Because only one half of the input waveform reaches the output, mean voltage is lower. Half-wave rectification requires a single diode in a single-phase supply, or three in a three-phase supply. Rectifiers yield a unidirectional but pulsating direct current; half-wave rectifiers produce far more ripple than full-wave rectifiers, and much more filtering is needed to eliminate harmonics of the AC frequency from the output.

Half-wave rectifier

The no-load output DC voltage of an ideal half wave rectifier is:^[2]

Where:

V_dc, V_av - the DC or average output voltage,

V_peak, the peak value of the phase input voltages,

V_rms, the root-mean-square value of output voltage.

Full-wave rectification[edit]

A full-wave rectifier converts the whole of the input waveform to one of constant polarity (positive or negative) at its output. Full-wave rectification converts both polarities of the input waveform to pulsating DC (direct current), and yields a higher average output voltage. Two diodes and a center tapped transformer, or four diodes in a bridge configuration and any AC source (including a transformer without center tap), are needed.^[3] Single semiconductor diodes, double diodes with common cathode or common anode, and four-diode bridges, are manufactured as single components.

Graetz bridge rectifier: a full-wave rectifier using 4 diodes.

For single-phase AC, if the transformer is center-tapped, then two diodes back-to-back (cathode-to-cathode or anode-to-anode, depending upon output polarity required) can form a full-wave rectifier. Twice as many turns are required on the transformer secondary to obtain the same output voltage than for a bridge rectifier, but the power rating is unchanged.

Full-wave rectifier using a center tap transformer and 2 diodes.

Full-wave rectifier, with vacuum tube having two anodes.

The average and root-mean-square no-load output voltages of an ideal single-phase full-wave rectifier are:

RESISTOR

FUNCTION:
The basic function of a resistor is to limit the current to a safe value so that the associated sophisticated parts can function properly.

Resistors

Symbol of Resistor

Resistor is a 2 terminal passive device. The symbol is given below.

Symbol of resist

UNIT FOR RESISTOR:  OHM

INDUCTOR

Function:

An inductor stores energy in a magnetic field. An example is the coil in an automobile sparkplug distribution or coil on plug technology. When the magnetic field collapses in the coil, it liberates its energy. That's how the spark is made. Inductors can also be used as frequency filters

Symbol for Inductor

Symbol for Inductor in a circuit

In a circuit diagram, an inductor is shown like this:

To understand how an inductor can work in a circuit, this figure is helpful:

What you see here is a battery, a light bulb, a coil of wire around a piece of iron (yellow) and a switch. The coil of wire is an inductor. If you have read How Electromagnets Work, you might recognize that the inductor is an electromagnet.

If you were to take the inductor out of this circuit, what you would have is a normal flashlight. You close the switch and the bulb lights up. With the inductor in the circuit as shown, the behavior is completely different.

The light bulb is a resistor (the resistance creates heat to make the filament in the bulb glow -- seeHow Light Bulbs Work for details). The wire in the coil has much lower resistance (it's just wire), so what you would expect when you turn on the switch is for the bulb to glow very dimly. Most of the current should follow the low-resistance path through the loop. What happens instead is that when you close the switch, the bulb burns brightly and then gets dimmer. When you open the switch, the bulb burns very brightly and then quickly goes out.

The reason for this strange behavior is the inductor. When current first starts flowing in the coil, the coil wants to build up a magnetic field. While the field is building, the coil inhibits the flow of current. Once the field is built, current can flow normally through the wire. When the switch gets opened, the magnetic field around the coil keeps current flowing in the coil until the field collapses. This current keeps the bulb lit for a period of time even though the switch is open. In other words, an inductor can store energy in its magnetic field, and an inductor tends to resist any change in the amount of current flowing through it.

THINK ABOUT WATER...

One way to visualize the action of an inductor is to imagine a narrow channel with water flowing through it, and a heavy water wheel that has its paddles dipping into the channel. Imagine that the water in the channel is not flowing initially.

Now you try to start the water flowing. The paddle wheel will tend to prevent the water from flowing until it has come up to speed with the water. If you then try to stop the flow of water in the channel, the spinning water wheel will try to keep the water moving until its speed of rotation slows back down to the speed of the water. An inductor is doing the same thing with the flow of electrons in a wire -- an inductor resists a change in the flow of electrons.

SINE WAVE AND COSINE WAVE

ELECTRIC CURRENT

CAPACITOR

FUNCTION:
A capacitor stores charge and thus energy via an electric field and also can act as a frequency filter for AC applications


 A capacitor is much simpler than a battery, as it can't produce new electrons -- it only stores them.